Abstract:
This article outlines the main
elements of the German system of vocational training and looks at recent
pressure for change in the system. It identifies two central elements
in the system, the notion of the occupation and the dual structure of
training delivery. These characteristics are embedded in an array of
institutional arrangements which include co-determination within
companies, industry-level collective bargaining, national legislation
defining occupational categories, and state provision for apprenticeship
schools. Several criticisms of the German vocational training system
have emerged in recent years, reflecting changes in the German economy
and society and the influences of external economic pressures for
change. A review of some of the criticisms of the vocational training
system and of the legislative responses suggests that the system has
managed most of these pressures by adapting its institutional
arrangements rather than abandoning them.
The German System: An Overview
- The definition of occupations
- The dual system
- The institutional framework
- The impact of the dual system on German employers
Changes in the Participation of Employers and Trainees in the System
- Involvement of employers in the training system
- Shift in the demand and supply of training places
- Cost of training
Adapting to Pressures for Change
- Responses to claims of rigidity in the dual system
- Curriculum design and delivery
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